Russian
Theory
Tuning means adjusting each tine's frequency to its intended note so that the intervals between the notes are accurate. The pitch depends on the length of the free, vibrating part of the tine. Think of a pendulum: a long one swings slowly, a short one quickly.
On most kalimbas, a pressure bar holds the tines in place. Light taps move them forwards or backwards.
Practice
First, you need to know which note each tine should produce.
For routine tuning, if the kalimba has not been dropped and the tines have not moved far, they will probably still be close to their original notes. You can usually just bring each tine back to the nearest note.
If an impact has moved the tines far from their original pitches, find the tuning chart. The complete set of notes is the instrument's tuning. A list or diagram may come with the kalimba or appear on the shop's or maker's website. Sometimes only a key is given, such as C major. This identifies the tonic, C, and the pattern, major, used to find the other notes. Looking up “C major scale” gives C D E F G A B.
Start with the lowest note. Pluck the tine and watch the tuner: the green indicator, needle or number shows how far the pitch is from the target in cents. Aim to get within ±10 cents. If the pitch is too high, tap the short rear end to lengthen the vibrating part. If it is too low, move it the other way. A small adjustment may involve about a millimetre of movement.
To tap one tine without catching its neighbours, place an extension against its end: a firm stick, a pencil or a dedicated tuning key. Tap the extension with an object weighing about 100–500 g.
Do not unscrew the pressure bar.
Tuners
- There are many programs for PC and Mac, such as AP Tuner.
- There are even more tuner apps for smartphones.
- A separate electronic tuner is convenient for regular use, for example the EMT320.
- For the most traditional approach, use a tuning fork.